Peptide origin / Partial sequence of human gastric protein BPC, isolated from gastric juice Molecular weight / Approximately 1,419 Da (15 amino acids) Common off-label oral dose / 250 to 500 mcg twice daily, taken on an empty stomach Common off-label subcutaneous dose / 200 to 300 mcg once or twice daily near the affected area or abdominally Evidence level / Preclinical only (GRADE: very low certainty for human GI healing) Key preclinical finding / Accelerated gastric ulcer healing in rats within 24 to 72 hours across multiple models Route preference for GI targets / Oral administration, based on topical mucosal contact rationale Safety profile in humans / Largely unknown

Since MTX induces oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species in tissues (Reference Jahovic, Cevik and Sehirli38,Reference Moghadam, Tutunchi and Namvaran-Abbas-Abad40,Reference Olayinka, Ore and Adeyemo43) , the effects of various antioxidant substances against MTX-induced oxidative stress have been investigated (Reference Savran, Cicek and Doguc7,Reference Jahovic, Cevik and Sehirli38,Reference Olayinka, Ore and Adeyemo43Reference Yuksel, Yuksel and Yagmurca45)
In some cases, doctors may recommend hydroxocobalamin injections for the rest of the person's life
Ding, F