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Users should be aware of several potential side effects linked to hydration and kidney function: Decreased urine output : Dehydration from gastrointestinal side effects can lead to less frequent urination
Recent trials with Liraglutide [70] and Tirzapetide [71] support the notion that despite the reductions in lean muscle mass observed, this is not pathologically disproportionate to the degree of weight loss achieved
GLP-1 AND GIP Given the extensive clinical experience with GLP-1 RAs and the established safety profile in cardiovascular disease settings, peptide multi-agonists have been developed to target multihormonal peptide-secreting enteroendocrine cells.8 Due to their glucose-lowering functions, the combination of GLP-1 and GIP hormones is one of the most attractive strategies for treating T2DM.8, 9 GLP-1 was first identified as a cleavage product of preproglucagon generated by L cells in the small intestine and functions to increase postprandial insulin production and lower blood glucose.10, 11, 12, 13 Since its discovery, efforts have focused on extending GLP-1 agonist activity through structural changes.14 Liraglutide and semaglutide, two long-acting GLP-1 RAs, have been authorized for the treatment of T2DM and obesity
PMCID: PMC7602229
