Barakat M, DiPietro LA, Chen L
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ACTH, in turn, activates the adrenal cortex, leading to the release of cortisol, the primary stress hormone ( The Thalamus, below the cerebral cortex and above the brainstem, on either side of the third ventricle, is an integrative relay between peripheral cardiovascular signals and higher brain centres involved in autonomic, emotional, and cognitive regulation ( 2.1.1.3 Brainstem structures The brainstem, comprising the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, contains critical sensory and motor nuclei and serves as the principal integrative and regulatory centre of the heartbrain axis ( Afferent information from arterial baroreceptors, peripheral and central chemoreceptors, cardiac mechanoreceptors, and visceral pathways converges primarily in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), located in the dorsomedial medulla
References MHRA