Live-cell imaging was performed using a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E inverted microscope equipped with a TIRF 60x objective (Micro Video Inst., Avon, MA), a Cascade 512b EMCCD camera (Photometrics, Tucson, AZ), and a chameleon-2 filter set (Chroma Technology Corp., Bellows Falls, VT) comprised of a D440/20 excitation filter, a 455DCLP dichroic, and D485/40 (CFP) or D535/30 (YFP) emission filters 34,35
In the body, lipoic acid is a powerful antioxidant
SGLT2is was associated with significant improvements in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting plasma glucose, and in combination with metformin, SGLT2is significantly improved triglycerides
The treatment is administered to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) in adults with type 2 diabetes who were confirmed with cardiovascular disease