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DPP-4 Inhibitors Mechanism of action Competitive inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 slows degradation of endogenous incretins (GLP-1, GIP) Glucose-dependent insulin secretion Post-prandial glucagon release No direct effect on weight or insulin sensitivity Glycaemic efficacy Advantages Weight-neutral useful when metformin + SU cause weight concern Low hypoglycaemia risk (incretin-dependent action) Oral, generally once-daily
To assess the potential effects of ATP released from L-cells on surrounding enterocytes and the regulation of colonic mucosal functions we utilised Ussing chambers and measured the short-circuit current ( I sc ) as a marker of electrogenic ion transport across the colonic epithelium
By functioning as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) Tamoxifen blocks the influence of estrogen on targeted cells
GHK-Cu serum offers a peptide-focused way to support the visible signs of healthy skin aging without turning your routine into a long list of complicated steps
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