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For DNA repair genes, GHK was primarily stimulatory (47 genes up, 5 genes down), with particularly strong effects on genes like XRCC5 (369% increase) and BRCA2 (189% increase)both critical for maintaining genomic stability

(1988), published in FEBS Letters, demonstrated that GHK-Cu significantly stimulated collagen synthesis, proteoglycan production, angiogenesis, and wound closure across multiple animal and cell models

Funding This article was promoted and funded by Novo Nordisk

It acts as one of the cell's main defences against oxidative damage - a process where unstable molecules called free radicals can harm DNA and cell structures