Abbreviations aa: Amino acid BB 1 : Bombesin subtype-1 receptor BB 2 : Bombesin subtype-2 receptor BLPs: Bombesin-like peptides cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CF: Cystic fibrosis CFTR: Cystic fibrosis conductance regulator CGRP: Calcitonin gene-related peptide DAG: Diacylglycerol EK: Endokinins FEV 1 : Forced expiratory volume Foxp1: Forkhead box protein P1 Foxp4: Forkhead box protein P4 GABA: Gamma-Aminobutyric acid GRP: Gastrin-releasing peptide HK-1: Hemokinin 1 IgE: Immunoglobulin E IP3: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate LAD2: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-2 muc5AC: Mucin5AC muc5B: Mucin5B NK1: Neurokinin 1 NK2: Neurokinin 2 NK3: Neurokinin 3 NKA: Neurokinin A NKB: Neurokinin B NMB: Neuromedin B NPY: Neuropeptide Y OVA: Ovalbumin PHM-27: Peptide histidine methionine 27 PHV-42: Peptide histidine methionine 42 RAMP1: Receptor activity modifying protein 1 RAMP2: Receptor activity modifying protein 2 SubP: Substance P TAC1: Preprotachykinin A TAC3: Preprotachykinin B TAC4: Preprotachykinin C VIP: Vasoactive intestinal Peptide VPAC1: Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 VPAC2: Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 References Summary tables of mortality estimates by cause, age and sex, globally and by region, 20002015 [ Cohn L

6 Clinical / topical cosmetic studies (PubMed)Topical copper-peptide trials for skin firmness, fine lines and photoaging the bulk of human GHK-Cu evidence
Neuroprotective Properties Under Investigation The Zagreb groups 2016 review in Current Neuropharmacology described peripheral BPC-157 administration altering serotonin synthesis rates in specific brain regions, particularly nigrostriatal and other dopaminergic pathways (Tohyama, Sikiric, Diksic, 2004, Life Sciences )
Leucine acts as a trigger for muscle protein synthesis, the process by which your body builds new muscle tissue