A 2021 review published in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy explains that silymarin, the main active compound in milk thistle, can:25 Regulate the cell cycle, helping to ensure proper division and replication Induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, by which the body can eliminate mutated cells (e.g., cancer cells) Regulate the body's immune response, increasing its ability to recognize and attack cancer cells Keep tumor cells from growing and spreading Inhibit angiogenesis, the process by which tumors create new blood vessels that increase their blood supply and help them grow The review specifically discusses silymarin's therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal cancer, but as another set of researchers note, silymarin has a pleiotropic effect, meaning it can act on multiple targets.26 Again, more research may be needed, but the current science suggests that milk thistle may have fairly broad complementary utility in cancer therapy

Abstract Purpose of Review Effective treatments for pediatric obesity are limited
, Effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves and its constituents on carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and glutathione levels in mouse liver, Life Sci
19, 2025 the National Association of Attorneys General sent a letter to acting FDA commissioner Sara Brenner, MD, MPH, asking the agency to take steps to stop bad actors from profiting off the sale of counterfeit incretin-based drugs